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Java (software platform)

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Java (software platform)
The Java technology logo
The Java technology logo
Original author(s)James GoslingSun Microsystems
Developer(s)Oracle Corporation
Initial release14 April 1998; 21 years ago[1][2]
Stable release12.0.1 (April 1, 2019; 51 days ago[3]) [±]
11.0.3 (April 3, 2019; 49 days ago[4]) [±]
8u212 (April 1, 2019; 51 days ago[5]) [±]
Preview release13+21 (May 16, 2019; 6 days ago[6]) [±]
Written inJavaC++[7]
Operating systemMicrosoft WindowsSolarisLinuxOS X[8]
PlatformIA-32x64ARMv7ARMv8SPARC (Java 8 includes 32-bit support – while no longer supported freely by Oracle for commercial use – 32-bit not supported in other versions, since dropped officially in Java 10)[8]
Available inEnglish, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish[9]
TypeSoftware platform
LicenseDual-license: GNU General Public Licenseversion 2 with classpath exception[10], and a proprietary license.[11]
Websitejava.com
A Java-powered program
Java is a set of computer software and specifications developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which was later acquired by the Oracle Corporation, that provides a system for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment. Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms from embedded devices and mobile phones to enterprise servers and supercomputersJava applets, which are less common than standalone Java applications, were commonly run in secure, sandboxed environments to provide many features of native applications through being embedded in HTML pages. It's still possible to run Java in web browsers after most of them having dropped support for Java's VM.
Writing in the Java programming language is the primary way to produce code that will be deployed as byte code in a Java virtual machine (JVM); byte code compilers are also available for other languages, including AdaJavaScriptPython, and Ruby. In addition, several languages have been designed to run natively on the JVM, including ClojureGroovy, and ScalaJava syntax borrows heavily from C and C++, but object-oriented features are modeled after Smalltalk and Objective-C.[12] Java eschews certain low-level constructs such as pointers and has a very simple memory model where objects are allocated on the heap (while some implementations e.g. all currently supported by Oracle, may use escape analysis optimization to allocating on the stack instead) and all variables of object types are references. Memory management is handled through integrated automatic garbage collection performed by the JVM.
On November 13, 2006, Sun Microsystems made the bulk of its implementation of Java available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).[13][14]
The latest versions are Java 12, released in March 2019 and Java 11 a currently supported long-term support (LTS) version ("Oracle Customers will receive Oracle Premier Support") released on September 25, 2018; Oracle released for the "legacy" Java 8 LTS the last free "public update" in January 2019 for commercial use, while it will otherwise still support Java 8 with public updates for personal use up to at least December 2020. Oracle (and others) "highly recommend that you uninstall older versions of Java",[15] because of serious risks due to unresolved security issues.[16][17][18] Since Java 9 is no longer supported, Oracle advises its users to "immediately transition" to Java 11. Extended support for Java 6 ended in December 201

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